Information compiled by Amina Horozic, Re:View Contemporary's contributor
Continuing our series of posts related to influences on the development of Mark Dancey's graphics style, we picked Underground Comix.
Underground Comix, usually self-published comic books, appeared in the United States in the late 1960s, with the largest community spawning in San Francisco. Some of the more notable names that have arisen from that generation include Robert Crumb, Art Spiegelman, Gilbert Shelton and Vaugh Bode. The movement is widely considered to be among "the most influential art movements ever to originate in the United States."
Typically, the underground comix reflect concerns of the counterculture, stylistic experimentation, social commentary and ridicule of the establishment. Further differing from the mainstream comics industry, the underground comix were usually written, illustrated and edited by a single author instead of a team. This process thus resulted in fewer issues, which were usually highly collectable or were included in anthologies with other comix authors.

Perhaps the best-known underground comix is the Zap Comix by Robert Crumb. It featured a "roly-poly cartoon style" which was "applied to irreverent stories of the anxiety-plagued "Whiteman" and the dubious guru "Mr.Natural"; featuring surreal circumstances from talking eyeballs to a whistling vagina. The "torrent of taboos was employed to mock anything and anyone representative of the establishment.
Within the genre itself, there were two distinct approaches that targeted this similar anti-establishment philosophy. One approach of the movement, typical of authors such as Robert Williams and Rick Griffin, was very visually loaded and surreal, without a specific story line -- very experimental. The alternative, pursued by artists such as Gilbert Shelton and Robert Crumb, had a more traditionally narrative approach, more of a "well thought-out graphic literature."
While majority of the underground comix artists at the beginning of the movement were men, the 1970s women's liberation movement saw a rise in the medium by women artists -- using the outlet for feminist art and agenda. Cartoonist Trina Robbins, being among the more well known female artists of the genre, has edited numerous all-women comix anthologies, including It Ain't Me Babe in the 1970. Today, she is currently one of the foremost historians on the topic and has authored "pioneering books about women in comics and cartooning".
Unfortunately, by the mid 1970s, the movement started to collapse due to several factors. Major reason was an increase in many inferior imitators that over-saturated the market. This reason, combined with local ordinances which closed shops that sold drug paraphernalia, where majority of these comix were being sold, pretty much took the movement to its demise. However, the influence of the movement remained and still continues to trickle down into sub- and mainstream American culture through outlets such as The Simpsons and South Park, as well as "body art"and the "politically confrontational installation art".
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_comix
X-Tra Contemporary Art Quarterly: http://www.x-traonline.org/past_articles.php?articleID=164
Images:
1. Zap Comix. Robert Crumb.
2. American Splendor #1 (1976). Art by Robert Crumb. Written and published by Harvey Pekar.